The Odyssey - Role of Women free essay sample

In spite of the fact that ladies involved an altogether unique situation in the public eye contrasted with men, they too held a specific range of prominence and force; they essentially applied it in manners that were unmistakable from men’s techniques. By watching the numerous female characters in The Odyssey, for instance; Penelope, Circe, and Calypso, we can comprehend that in those days ladies were second rate compared to men yet they had power in that they had the option to attract men so rapidly and effectively (for instance alarms, they sing so perfectly that men get attracted from desire for these things with such beautifull voices, however the alarms are executioners and they kill any man on a boat that passes), likewise they are depicted as being extremely insightful in The Odyssey, Athena’s appositive more often than not is â€Å"bright-peered toward Athena† which is depicting that as the godess of intelligence, even in camouflage, as coach and so on. We will compose a custom paper test on The Odyssey Role of Women or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page , she despite everything has her brilliant shining eyes which depict her as an extremely shrewd lady. This is the equivalent with Penelope as she is depicted as insightful all through the vast majority of The Odyssey. By looking at the character of Penelope, the spouse of Odysseus, one can see exactly how ladies applied their capacity and impact in The Odyssey and whatever closes. Penelope utilizes smart crafty and sexual enchant to play with men’s feelings and to address her own issues while she is sitting tight for her significant other to come back from fight. On one hand, she speaks to nurturing attributes moms in The Odyssey are viewed as the providers of pity and distress as opposed to genuine â€Å"supporters† of their children and spouses regarding military or individual missions. Moms as observed all through The Odyssey are ladies needing backing and direction as they are powerless and delicate, without a consistent male hand to manage them, these ladies apppear to be lost and melancholy. in any case, she likewise has a portion of the characteristics related with the temptresses found in The Odyssey, for example, Circe and Clytemnestra. Following the job of a mother figure, Penelope grieves her lost love, apparently neglectful (from the outset) to the considerations of the admirers. One significant job of ladies in The Odyssey is their jobs as enchantresses. When Odysseus’ team shows up on Circe’s island, they are pulled in to Circe’s house in view of the charming voice of the excellent yet gigantic goddess. Homer portrays her as â€Å"singing in a sweet voice as she went here and there an incredible plan on a loom, godlike, for example, goddesses have, sensitive and dazzling and superb in their work. † (Book 10, Line 221) Odysseus’ men react to this by calling onto her and going into her home. The men’s want for Circe permits the goddess to misuse their shortcomings, stunt them, and mysteriously transform them into pig. Odysseus, just, with the assistance of a defensive medication and guidance gave by Hermes, goes to save his men from Circe’s island. He adheres to Hermes’ careful guidelines and when the goddess endeavors to hit him with her blade, he thrusts at her. Odysseus draws his blade and says, â€Å"Swear me an extraordinary vow that there is no other malice harmed you devise against me. † (Book 10 Line 344) Homer has Odysseus draw his blade as of now; maybe he plans to show how a woman’s advance and sexuality is a danger to male predominance. Such cooperations among people add a specific dynamic to the epic and make it all the more fascinating and simpler for the peruser to relate to the story. In spite of the fact that, Odysseus is wily and ingenious, commonly even he ends up lost when he is in these kinds of circumstances with enchanting ladies. Odysseus was so beguiled by Circe that he stayed on her island for a year, totally disregarding returning home until his men persuaded him to leave. One other second when we see the significance of sex in The Odyssey is during Odysseus’ seven-year remain with Calypso on her island. At the point when Odysseus transfers the narrative of Calypso, he changes the story marginally to give the recognition that he was held detainee and deplored the whole time he was there. Be that as it may, Homer gives us some understanding when he says; â€Å"the sprite was done satisfying to him. † (Book 5, Line 153) which suggests that sooner or later Odysseus enjoyed himself with the goddess on the island. Calypso offered him everlasting status and an existence of simplicity. At the point when Odysseus was depleted with this way of life and yearned for his better half and homecoming, Calypso attempted to utilize her wiles to persuade him to remain with her. She analyzes herself to Odysseus’ spouse Penelope saying, â€Å"I figure I can guarantee that I am not her second rate either in manufacture or height, since it isn't likely that human ladies can challenge the goddesses for construct and magnificence. † (Book 5, Line 211) When Odysseus despite everything aches to get back, Calypso drives him to remain on the island. This is against the goals of Homeric Greek ladies. Calypso diplays a predominant and manipulative side, which is another danger against male strength. Calypso’s capacity to obstruct Odysseus’ journey for a long time, implies the conviction that influential ladies can make risk. In this circumstance, Homer lets us know, if a lady doesn't acknowledge her place as an impuissant, she is probably going to back off or keep a man from arriving at his objectives. The Homeric Greek men consider ladies important yet just to fulfill their physical needs. Zeus inevitably sends Hermes as an errand person to order Calypso to permit Odysseus to get back. Calypso whines that the divine beings are permitted to take mortal darlings while somebody generally meddles with the issues of the goddesses. Calypso whines about this twofold norm however in the end meets Zeus’ demand. This is a superb case of the male one-sided Homeric Greek society. This epic is dependant on the job of ladies. It is hard to totally pass judgment on the convictions about sexual orientation jobs in Greek culture dependent on The Odyssey. On occasion, the jobs and activities of ladies in this sonnet show the male bullhead see, that they are objects of magnificence and need to capitulate to control and fraud to achieve an objective. There are different occasions when a woman’s quality and insight come through. Homer uses this interchange to make the epic all the more fascinating and builds up a fundamental subject of a clash of the genders.

Bell Hooks Essays -- essays research papers

Is Education Equal? Â Â Â Â Â The United States gives our general public the unquestionable option to learn. The privilege to advanced education isn't constrained to the center and high societies; it permits the less advantaged, minorities, just as both genders, to get equivalent training. Two contentions which present fascinating perspectives on advanced education are chime hook’s “Keeping Close to Home'; and Adrienne Rich’s “What Does a Woman Need to Know?'; Hooks sees advanced education with a worry for the oppressed, while Rich perspectives it with a worry for ladies. Of the two works, I for one don't concur with Rich’s contention. Â Â Â Â Â Bell snares sees advanced education to be a period in which we get ourselves and get familiar with what our identity is. This idea stays troublesome on the oppressed in light of the fact that they would prefer not to be known for their experience. They consider themselves to be less favored, and along these lines need to keep this avoided their new society. These understudies face numerous obstructions in their lives; school presents an entirely different and a lot bigger test. The change is additionally hard on them. They need to fit in and stow away their past, and yet, they would prefer not to dismiss their childhoods. Snares felt that she was an outcast in school, since she herself originated from an oppressed foundation, while the vast majority of her friends originated from special foundations. Snares states, &#822...

How to Evaluate the Amount of Time it Takes to Write a Term Paper?

How to Evaluate the Amount of Time it Takes to Write a Term Paper?There are quite a number of term papers to be completed and this is the reason why most students do not manage to get enough sleep. It is very important that students should go through all the term papers they have to finish before the exams. Students should prepare themselves well for all the term papers they have to do and they should always keep their mind focused on what is required to be done for them to pass.But if you have made up your mind to work hard and prepare yourself for all the term papers, you need to be able to evaluate which term paper is going to require you to be awake for two days before it is due. You will find out the following things which will help you determine the amount of time you will have to work on it.There are some term papers that require you to have the help of the tutor, and this will require you to spend two to three days for your preparation. If you do not have the money for this, you should be able to find the available ones online for free.One thing that will help you in evaluating the amount of time you have to work on a term paper is the topic. This is because it will give you an idea about the amount of time you have to make a complete and clear explanation of the topic. It is advisable that you should know the topics thoroughly before you start on it.When you know the topic well, you can start to write out the document which will enable you to clarify any doubts or problems that you may have. There are some term papers which require you to be able to have the text comprehension level of a high school student.This means that you should have some clear ideas about the things that you should be making clear to the reader and you should be able to write the passage clearly. In this case, you should ask the help of a tutor if you are not able to write the passage well or do not know how to make a clear explanation about it.If you cannot write the passage cor rectly or you are not aware about the content of the term paper you are working on, you can try to get the help of the experts from the internet. The experts will provide you with great support and help in writing the term paper so that you can get the best results.You also need to be sure that the passage is not too technical or too confusing for you to understand it. You need to be able to think in a creative way to get the best result when you read a passage from the term paper.

How the Meaning of the Word Pagan Changed

Miles The Autobiography Miles - 2000 Words

â€Å"Miles: The Autobiography† explores the success and hardships of the famous, jazz musician, Miles Davis. Quincy Troupe records Miles’ accounts of his childhood in East St. Louis, the beginning of his musical career in New York, and his later years as a musician traveling the world. Miles defined the music of his time; the 1940’s were marked by the age of cool jazz that he, and many other African Americans helped bring to life. Miles Davis’ musical style is often studied closely by other aspiring jazz musicians because he had such a unique sound. While Miles’ successes are well-known, many people forget about the hardships that he faced throughout his life due to his addiction to drugs and alcohol. Similar to how things are today, being a musician in New York City during the 40’s meant that drugs and alcohol were easily accessible. Miles was one of many famous musicians that fell victim to drugs, and his life was affected drastically. Her oin, cocaine, and alcohol were some of the substances that Miles used most often. Those drugs negatively impacted his relationships, his health, and his music career. Miles was an amazing musician regardless of what he did during his spare time, but one might wonder how things would be different if Miles hadn’t let his drug addiction control his life. Some may think he could have played music for a longer amount of time, and produced even better songs than he did, but this isn’t as true as it may seem. If Miles hadn’t been taking stimulantsShow MoreRelatedMiles Davis Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesMiles Davis: The music’s right but the approach is wrong. Music listeners everywhere have heard at least a smidgen of the music from â€Å"the prince of darkness†. 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The original myth is of Herakles, whos tenth labor was to kill Geryon, a red winged monster who lived on an island, and steal his cattle. Carson takes the insignificant character of Geryon and creates a story based on his life, as if set in modern times. Autobiography of Red entersRead MoreJames Joyces Alter Ego in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man929 Words   |  4 PagesIreland, Clongowes Wood College, situated about twenty miles west of Dublin in the countryside near Clane(Anderson, James Joyce 15). This is the same school Stephen Dedalus attends in the novel. This is one of the many ways James Joyce uses this novel to portray his life. James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man can be read autobiographically. According to David Daiches, James Joyce ...transmuted autobiography into objective action...(Daiches). James Joyce wroteRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Lizzy Axiak Aspirations 1122 Words   |  5 Pageswhich invigorated him and heard the peaceful sounds of tranquillity. How simple it is to imagine a life of adventure in a distant land. But if we allow it life can be an exhilarating adventure. Each exciting moment in life can be a new page in our autobiography. Our aspirations are simply the parameters on our life path some simple, some beyond the bounds of possibility. Our aspirations are equally important as life itself; aspirations are the breath of life, chalice of salvation. Unless we aspire weRead MoreMy Odyssey : Autobiography Of My Odyssey1423 Words   |  6 PagesMy Odyssey Autobiography Version 2 Today is the day, finally time for us to get up and go. Time to live in adventure and see amazing features in the land around us. I have been waiting for this day ever since my parents first talked about it, I could not wait. It was finally time to go on our odyssey, even though we will be crowded and cramped up the whole ride it will be worth the wait. Boys into the car my dad yelled. Read MoreEssay On UCLA Is The School For You878 Words   |  4 Pagesawards collection, featuring awards such as Pulitzer Prizes, NCAA Championships, and even National Science Medals. The three Pulitzer Prize winners are Kay Ryan for poetry, Jonathan Gold for criticism, then Marvin J Sherman for biography and autobiography. UCLAs sports program has over 114 NCAA tiles. Last but not least, the nine National Science Medals won by the phenomenal science program at UCLA. Looking through UCLAs impressive list of awards, UCLAs achievements are not dwelled on, but basedRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn her autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs portrays her detailed life events on such an intense level. Jacobs was born in 1813 in North Carolina. She had a rough life starting at the age of six when her mother died, and soon after that everything started to go downhill, which she explains in her autobiography. Her novel was originally published in 1861, but was later reprinted in 1973 and 1987. Harriet Jacobs presents her story using numerous detailed descriptionsRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesChildren in Bondage â€Å"I WAS born a slave; but I never knew it till six years of happy childhood had passed away.† (Jacobs Ch. I) With these words, Harriet Jacobs begins her autobiography, â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.† Written under the pseudonym Linda Brent, Jacobs harrowing account details her experiences as a slave in North Carolina, her escape to freedom in the north, and her ensuing struggles to free her children. It is one of the celebrated examples of the genre known as the slave

Hills Like White Elephants - 1015 Words

Hills Like White Elephants, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a story that takes place in Spain while a man and woman wait for a train. The story is set up as a dialogue between the two, in which the man is trying to convince the woman to do something she is hesitant in doing. Through out the story, Hemingway uses metaphors to express the characters opinions and feelings. Hills Like White Elephants displays the differences in the way a man and a woman view pregnancy and abortion. The woman looks at pregnancy as a beautiful aspect of life. In the story the woman s pregnancy is implied through their conversation. She refers to the near by hills as elephants; quot;They look like white elephantsquot; (464). She is comparing the hills to her†¦show more content†¦He drank an Anis at the bar and looked at the people. They were all waiting reasonably for the train. He went back through the bead curtain. She was sitting there and smiled at him. ‘Do you feel better? (467) This is a major metaphor in the story explaining the man s situation at the end. He took the bags (questions) to the tracks looking for the train (an answer), but saw nothing coming. The answers to the questions he is looking for are not going to come to him; instead he has to wait and see what happens. In the bar, he was the only one not waiting patiently for the train, implying that the others are at ease with the situation they are in, not anxious to overcome it. When he returns to the woman, the man asks if she feels better, hoping that the situation would have fixed itself in the time he was gone so he could move on in his life. Abortion and pregnancy are two issues that people view differently, and the main characters in Hills Like White Elephants are examples of this. The woman sees pregnancy as a beautiful fact of life and a wonderful experience. She feels that losing that experience would take away from her freedom. The man, on the other hand, looks at pregnancy as an inconvenience that happens, and getting an abortion is an easy way to overcome the inconvenience and continue on with life without complications. Bibliography Work Cited Page 1) Hemingway, Ernest. Hills Like WhiteShow MoreRelatedHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway859 Words   |  4 PagesHills Like White Elephants, short story by Ernest Hemingway, published in 1927 in the periodical transition and later that year in the collection Men Without Women. The themes of this sparsely written vignette about an American couple waiting for a train in Spain are almost entirely implicit. The story is largely devoid of plot and is notable for its use of irony, symbolism, and repetition. (Encyclopedia Britannica). The Short Story brings the read into a discussion, between a man and a girl. TheyRead MoreHills Like White Elephants1354 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Hills Like White Elephants† is a short story published in 1927 about an American man and a woman named Jig. The setting of this story takes place at a train station located in Spain surrounded by hills, trees, and fields. Other devices used by Hemingway throughout this story include imagery, simile, excellent syntax, and a very tense and emotional tone. In the beginning of the story, the American and Jig sit outside of the trainRead MoreHills Like White Elephants911 Words   |  4 Pages Every day people make decisions that affect their future lives. What makes a right decision? What may be right to some may be wrong to others. Right and wrong decisions are objective and vary among each individual. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† by Ernest Hemingway, portrays the idea of decision making between two characters in a valley in Spain as they wait for a train to arrive. Jig, the protagonist, attempts to make a crucial change in her life by making the right decision, although her flawsRead MoreHills Like White Elephants996 Words   |  4 PagesErnest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† discusses the decision one girl must make and the consequences which accompany her choice. A â€Å"white elephant† is a valuable possession which its owner cannot dispose of but whose cost (particularly cost of upkeep) exceeds its usefulness. The â€Å"white elephant† in Hemingway’s story is the unnamed situation and the choice which Jig, the protagonist, must make. This drama takes place in Spain in the 1920’s, during which time the majority ofRead MoreThe Hills Like White Elephants1143 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading â€Å"The Hills like White Elephants,† I discovered that there are a lot of interpretations that could be made to accompany this story. The story takes place at a bar across from a Spanish railroad crossing. The story states that there is no shade or trees, and that the hills are white. The story does not provide a plethora of information on the characters, it rather just jumps right into the story, leaving a lot to the imagination on how they got there. I do believe that this is done onRead MoreHills like white elephant5316 Words   |  22 PagesHills Like White Elephants: The Jilting of Jig Hashmi, Nilofer. The Hemingway Review, Volume 23, Number 1, Fall 2003, pp. 72-83 (Article) Published by University of Idaho Department of English DOI: 10.1353/hem.2004.0009 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hem/summary/v023/23.1hashmi.html Access Provided by Chulalongkorn University at 11/21/11 7:26AM GMT â€Å"hills like white elephants†: T h e j i lt i n g of j i g nilofer hashmi Georgia SouthernRead MoreHills Like White Elephants838 Words   |  4 PagesHills Like White Elephants Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants presents a fictional example of the modern day prevalence of miscommunication among others, namely men and women. Depicted through the couple and the present issue at hand, Hemingway strives to allude to the unfortunate truth that despite constant speaking among beings, genuine communication continues to fall short and is nearly nonexistent. Existing is the lack of productivity when the true feelings of both parties are notRead MoreHills Like White Elephants1715 Words   |  7 PagesHills Like White Elephants shows a seemingly simple discussion between Jig and an American man about the possibility of an operation. Yet, when the story is dissected it becomes apparent that they are discussing the possibility of an abortion. Nothing in the short story is mentioned or said without signaling a greater or different meaning. Hemingway used the surroundings of the train station to impact the story and designed the characters to properly show two varying personalities. Even though thisRead MoreHills Like White Elephants1266 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis, I shall attempt to examine some aspects of the core issue of abortion through a short story, and observe the climax, tension, and heart felt emotions people endure because of their differently held cultural views. The short story â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† was written by Ernest Hemingway in 1927. He brought the characters to life with his vivid imagery and strong dialogue. The short story is about a young couple in the country of Spain, awaiting the arrival of a commuter train outside a restaurantRead MoreHills Like White Elephants Lessons968 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway is a short story every student studying English Composition should read. The narrative explores the difficult topic of abortion which college students should read about. Not only did the story explore the couples dynamic it also d elved into the feelings each partner had about the pregnancy. In â€Å"On Reading Fiction†, the author explains that readers enjoy fiction for three reasons, because it is an escape from reality, a possible answer to problems

Marketing Strategies Managing Across Borders

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategies for Managing Across Borders. Answer: Introduction: Culture within the society helps to develop values, norms, languages and protocol that influence behavioural pattern of the people living in the same society. It has been assessed that culture is among the prime factors that can have major impact on the effectiveness of the communicational process. Many studies have highlighted the fact that culture influences the way of thinking of an individual that can have major impact on the communication pattern of the strategies (Mazanec et al. 2015). For that reason, organizations often try to develop effective strategies to utilize cultural diversity for capturing different perspectives to a particular decision. Specifically, globalization has made proper management of cultural diversity is necessary within organizational structure. In this study, the focus will be on different perspectives of cultural diversity in order to provide an in-depth analysis regarding effective cross-cultural communication. The study will also focus on highlightin g the kind of strategies that the management of different organizations will utilize in order to develop appropriate cross-cultural communication. It will also provide an idea regarding the effective management of cross-cultural communication can have on the effectiveness of the operational process of organization. Furthermore, the study will provide an idea regarding the impact of effective cross-cultural communication process on the market entry and exist of the international businesses. Impact of globalization on cross-cultural communication: Globalization has influenced organizations to focus on the world market for achieving sustainable growth in the market. Therefore, it has become necessary for the management of the organizations to develop necessary strategies to deal with the challenges of the international businesses. Now, strategies of the organization will not only have to focus on employee interaction process but will also have to consider the interaction process of the organization with the potential customers. Cross-cultural communication refers to co-orientation or the ability to deal with different culture in an appropriate manner. For that reason, all most all the prime organizations try to conduct in-depth market survey to analyze the needs of the market in an appropriate manner. Proper evaluation of the foreign market needs provide organizations opportunity to develop effective marketing strategies in order to get close to the potential customers. As the impact of globalization, organizations has develope d relationship management division in order to ensure that all the implemented strategies can able to create desired impact on the market (Bakir et al. 2015). It has been assessed that cultural differences often influences employees to reduce the participation rate and also reduces intention of the employees to involve with the operational process of the organization. As a result, it creates direct adverse impact on the on the business processes of the organization. Furthermore, introduction of globalization in the business structure has also created challenges for the organizations regarding rules and regulations. However, same rules and regulations can actually create different impact in different culture due to differences in values and perspective. Therefore, management often try to implement different strategies to fulfil provide proper understanding to the employees. Furthermore, Globalization has affected the implementation of the advertisement procedures for the organization. As per the article by Rallapalli and Montgomery (2015), cultural differences play a crucial role in the advertising campaign of the organizations. It has been assessed that organization utilizes different types of strategies for fulfilling all the requirements of the advertising campaign. For instance, culture of developed countries such as UK and USA are far straight forward compared to any culture in the developed economy. As a result, marketing campaign in the de veloped countries is more direct compared to the developed countries. It has been assessed that differences culture also changes the way of expressing themselves in a particular situation. Therefore, it is necessary for the organizations to develop a management team that has the skill to understand cultural differences in an appropriate manner. Hofstede cultural dimension has highlighted different factors that organizations need to consider in order to develop effective communication structure within the work environment. Power distance index of the Hofstede model focuses on to evaluate whether the power is equally distributed within the economy or not. Higher power development index highlighted the fact that culture of that particular economy is well structured. Therefore, higher power development index represent developed countries like USA and UK. On the other hand, individualism and collectivism of Hofstede models reflects the degree to which people of a particular community are integrated into groups. Therefore, higher group integration reflects t hat the society is more biased towards collectivism. Thus, it is necessary for the organization to evaluate these factors so that the implemented communication strategies can able to have major impact on the organizational successes. Uncertainty avoidance index reflects the degree to which a society tolerates ambiguity. It is necessary for the organization to implement business strategies in such a way so that the ambiguity remains under tolerance level. For instance, an economy represents higher uncertainty index will induce organizations to remain extremely careful about the implemented business strategies. Otherwise, it might create major adverse impact on the business level of the organization. On the other hand, Hofstede also highlighted the fact that long-term orientation can also have major impact on the communicational process of the organization. Long-term orientation plays a major role in developing knowledge and believes of the people living in the same economy. Therefore , it is necessary for the management of the organizations to remain knowledgeable about the different economies where organizations are doing businesses. It would not only help organizations to maintain effective communication structure within the organization but also will provide assistance in handling interpersonal conflicts in an appropriate way. Furthermore, globalization has also induces management of the organizations remains extremely conscious about the time-horizon in different economies. It is necessary that all the important organizational information be provided to different parts of the world in an appropriate way. Thus, it can be mentioned that globalization increases the challenges for the management of the organizations to fulfil all the responsibilities in an effective way. It also highlighted the fact that effective utilization of cross-cultural dimension can help organization to handle international businesses challenges in an appropriate way. References: Bakir, A., Blodgett, J.G., Vitell, S.J. and Rose, G.M., 2015. A preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of Hofstedes cross cultural dimensions. In Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 226-232). Springer International Publishing. Mazanec, J.A., Crotts, J.C., Gursoy, D. and Lu, L., 2015. Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation. Tourism Management, 48, pp.299-304. Rallapalli, K.C. and Montgomery, C.D., 2015. Marketing Strategies For Asian-Americans: Guidelines Based on Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions. In Minority Marketing: Research Perspectives for the 1990s (pp. 73-77). Springer International Publishing.